Overview

Understanding Kubernetes resource types and their relationships.

Core Resources

Pods

The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: nginx:1.21

ReplicaSets

Maintains a stable set of replica Pods:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: my-replicaset
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-app
  template:
    # Pod template

Deployments

Manages ReplicaSets and provides declarative updates:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 0
  # ...

Networking Resources

Services

Exposes Pods to network traffic:

ClusterIP: Internal cluster access only
NodePort: Exposes on each Node's IP
LoadBalancer: Cloud provider load balancer
ExternalName: DNS CNAME record

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: my-app
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080

Ingress

HTTP/HTTPS routing to services:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: myapp.example.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-service
            port:
              number: 80

Storage Resources

PersistentVolume

Cluster-level storage resource:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: my-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  storageClassName: standard

PersistentVolumeClaim

Request for storage:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: my-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi
  storageClassName: standard

Configuration Resources

ConfigMaps

Non-sensitive configuration data:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: app-config
data:
  config.json: |
    {
      "key": "value"
    }

Secrets

Sensitive information:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: app-secret
type: Opaque
stringData:
  username: admin
  password: secret123

Workload Resources

StatefulSet

For stateful applications:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    # Pod template
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

DaemonSet

Runs a Pod on every Node:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: monitoring-agent
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: monitoring-agent
  template:
    # Pod template

Job

Run-to-completion tasks:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: batch-job
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: job
        image: busybox
        command: ["echo", "Hello"]
      restartPolicy: Never
  backoffLimit: 4

CronJob

Scheduled jobs:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: scheduled-job
spec:
  schedule: "0 0 * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: job
            image: busybox
            command: ["echo", "Daily task"]
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

📖 kubernetes-resources